//
// Simple and fast atof (ascii to float) function.
//
// - Executes about 5x faster than standard MSCRT library atof().
// - An attractive alternative if the number of calls is in the millions.
// - Assumes input is a proper integer, fraction, or scientific format.
// - Matches library atof() to 15 digits (except at extreme exponents).
// - Follows atof() precedent of essentially no error checking.
//
// 09-May-2009 Tom Van Baak (tvb) www.LeapSecond.com
//

#define white_space(c) ((c) == ' ' || (c) == '\t')
#define valid_digit(c) ((c) >= '0' && (c) <= '9')

double atof (const char *p)
{
    int frac;
    double sign, value, scale;

    // Skip leading white space, if any.

    while (white_space(*p) ) {
        p += 1;
    }

    // Get sign, if any.

    sign = 1.0;
    if (*p == '-') {
        sign = -1.0;
        p += 1;

    } else if (*p == '+') {
        p += 1;
    }

    // Get digits before decimal point or exponent, if any.

    value = 0.0;
    while (valid_digit(*p)) {
        value = value * 10.0 + (*p - '0');
        p += 1;
    }

    // Get digits after decimal point, if any.

    if (*p == '.') {
        double pow10 = 10.0;
        p += 1;

        while (valid_digit(*p)) {
            value += (*p - '0') / pow10;
            pow10 *= 10.0;
            p += 1;
        }
    }

    // Handle exponent, if any.

    scale = 1.0;
    if ((*p == 'e') || (*p == 'E')) {
        unsigned int expon;
        p += 1;

        // Get sign of exponent, if any.

        frac = 0;
        if (*p == '-') {
            frac = 1;
            p += 1;

        } else if (*p == '+') {
            p += 1;
        }

        // Get digits of exponent, if any.

        expon = 0;
        while (valid_digit(*p)) {
            expon = expon * 10 + (*p - '0');
            p += 1;
        }
        if (expon > 308) expon = 308;

        // Calculate scaling factor.

        while (expon >= 50) { scale *= 1E50; expon -= 50; }
        while (expon >=  8) { scale *= 1E8;  expon -=  8; }
        while (expon >   0) { scale *= 10.0; expon -=  1; }
    }

    // Return signed and scaled floating point result.

    return sign * (frac ? (value / scale) : (value * scale));
}